Hi everyone:
My collegue Marco and I made this "Learning Object" as required by prof. Morten.
It's about cooperative learning, the advantages of this learning theory, emphasizing how important tranparency can be. Students should be stimulated to be visible as potential partners and resources for others. This way, transparency could be a huge cooperative resource, because people’s cooperation is supported on the knowledge about each other and on having access to some common information.
Hope you'll enjoy as much as we did.
Cooperative Learning & Transparency
sábado, 31 de outubro de 2009
A qualidade dos cursos online

Terminámos a tradução de dois textos, originalmente em inglês, sobre a qualidade dos cursos online e da sua avaliação.
Após a elaboração da tradução, segue-se uma fase de debate, no fórum, dos temas propostos.
Esta actividade avivou-me a memória, fazendo-me recuar ao momento inicial do Mestrado, recordando a identificação de um conjunto de cartacterísticas imprescindíveis ao estudante de cursos online:
- ter capacidade para partilhar a sua experiência, as suas dúvidas, mostrando abertura para as questões levantadas pelos colegas e experiências vividas pelos outros;
- capacidade de comunicar através da escrita; o estudante deve capaz de expor as suas próprias dúvidas;
- capacidade de reflexão e ponderação, assim como de aceitação das críticas construtivas;
- ser autodisciplinadao e estar auto-motivado para se comprometer,diariamente, com as actividades do curso online ;
- possuir e-skills necessárias ao curso online que frequenta;
- ter a percepção de que o curso online frequentado promove aprendizagens de grabde qualidade/valor.
Para esta unidade, utilizámos os seguintes recursos:
PENNA, Maria Pietronilla & STARA, Vera (2008) "Approaches to E-learning quality Assessment". http://isdm.univ-tln.fr/PDF/isdm32/isdm_pietronilla.pdf
WISENBERG, Faye & STACEY, Elizabeth (2005) "Reflections on teaching and Learning Online:Quality program design, delivery and support issues from a cross-global perspective". Distance Education Vol.26, Nº3, (385-404). http://casat.unr.edu/docs/Weisenberg2005.pdf
sexta-feira, 30 de outubro de 2009
Annotated Bibliography
With this post I aim to present an annotated bibliography for PPEL. This is a enrolment of some of the most interesting papers or essential articles that I read.
I also leave the links to online papers and a summary of each one, as well as a brief personal opinion on the article refered.
ARTICLE - Um Modelo conceitual para Aprendizagem
Colaborativa Baseada na execução de Projetos pela Web
AUTORES - Luisa Aleyda García González e Wilson Vicente Ruggiero (2008)
You can read this article here.
ABSTRACT - LMS systems today provide a network environment
to support interaction in a collaborative learning space.
However, there are few that explore how to design the group
instruction, and how to execute collaborative activities and how
to control the group interaction. This work has considered the
diverse group learning basic elements that support the success of
the group learning activities. Moreover, this work has integrated
and enhanced the procedure steps that support the creation and
execution of the project-based collaborative learning activities.
This paper describes these elements and procedures through a
conceptual model (MAC-BP).
Index Terms—Collaborative learning, E-learning, Learning
objects, Project-based learning.
This paper presents a guidelines
to users of distance education. It is also very usefull to teatchers when they need to use tecnologies.On the other hand, resources involving specific learning activities Web 2.0 and lack of studies on the theme of use educational objects and new applications are a motivation to read and produce thesis in the área.
This articles provides a guide for teachers when using collaborative and electronic learning based on the method of group projects, supported on a constructive perspective, organizing learning objects
involved in the process of collaboration with the purpose of being reusable.
ARTICLE - E-learning 2.0: new frontier for student empowerment
AUTORES - William Renner (2009)
You can read this article here.
This a paper that relates tradicional elearning to elearning 2.0. This article identifies essencial themes emerging on recent literature, relating these themes to individual, social and scholarly empowerment. This paper has a social constructivist perspective, applied to technology and learning in academy students.
ARTICLE - Computer-mediated communication in the undergraduate writing classroom: A study of the relationship of online discourse and classroom discourse in two writing classes
AUTHOR - Robert P. Yagelsky & Jeffrey T. Grabill (2002)
You can read this paper here.
ABSTRACT - This article examines the relationship between electronic discourse and face-to-face discourse in two undergraduate university writing classes in which computer-mediated communication (CMC) was employed to supplement regular in-class lecture and discussion. The study explores the potential influence of in-class discourse on the nature and rates of student participation in online discussions(...)
I found this article very intersting since i've doing some reading on use of tecnologies in online environments. I thinks that another important aspect os this paper is the comparison between online classes and face-to-face classes. It also points out the way that the tutor manages the uses of CMC technologies, the way he defines the structure of the course and students's perceptions of the importance of CMC technologies when learning. This study suggests that students' uses of CMC technologies is related also to their status as students envolved in a university course.
I've also found a paper, in portuguese, about the Theory of Cooperative Freedom , and other learning theories, that can be read here and a tranlation from Laurinda Leite of an article of Prof. Paulsen that you can read here.
I also leave the links to online papers and a summary of each one, as well as a brief personal opinion on the article refered.
ARTICLE - Um Modelo conceitual para Aprendizagem
Colaborativa Baseada na execução de Projetos pela Web
AUTORES - Luisa Aleyda García González e Wilson Vicente Ruggiero (2008)
You can read this article here.
ABSTRACT - LMS systems today provide a network environment
to support interaction in a collaborative learning space.
However, there are few that explore how to design the group
instruction, and how to execute collaborative activities and how
to control the group interaction. This work has considered the
diverse group learning basic elements that support the success of
the group learning activities. Moreover, this work has integrated
and enhanced the procedure steps that support the creation and
execution of the project-based collaborative learning activities.
This paper describes these elements and procedures through a
conceptual model (MAC-BP).
Index Terms—Collaborative learning, E-learning, Learning
objects, Project-based learning.
This paper presents a guidelines
to users of distance education. It is also very usefull to teatchers when they need to use tecnologies.On the other hand, resources involving specific learning activities Web 2.0 and lack of studies on the theme of use educational objects and new applications are a motivation to read and produce thesis in the área.
This articles provides a guide for teachers when using collaborative and electronic learning based on the method of group projects, supported on a constructive perspective, organizing learning objects
involved in the process of collaboration with the purpose of being reusable.
ARTICLE - E-learning 2.0: new frontier for student empowerment
AUTORES - William Renner (2009)
You can read this article here.
This a paper that relates tradicional elearning to elearning 2.0. This article identifies essencial themes emerging on recent literature, relating these themes to individual, social and scholarly empowerment. This paper has a social constructivist perspective, applied to technology and learning in academy students.
ARTICLE - Computer-mediated communication in the undergraduate writing classroom: A study of the relationship of online discourse and classroom discourse in two writing classes
AUTHOR - Robert P. Yagelsky & Jeffrey T. Grabill (2002)
You can read this paper here.
ABSTRACT - This article examines the relationship between electronic discourse and face-to-face discourse in two undergraduate university writing classes in which computer-mediated communication (CMC) was employed to supplement regular in-class lecture and discussion. The study explores the potential influence of in-class discourse on the nature and rates of student participation in online discussions(...)
I found this article very intersting since i've doing some reading on use of tecnologies in online environments. I thinks that another important aspect os this paper is the comparison between online classes and face-to-face classes. It also points out the way that the tutor manages the uses of CMC technologies, the way he defines the structure of the course and students's perceptions of the importance of CMC technologies when learning. This study suggests that students' uses of CMC technologies is related also to their status as students envolved in a university course.
I've also found a paper, in portuguese, about the Theory of Cooperative Freedom , and other learning theories, that can be read here and a tranlation from Laurinda Leite of an article of Prof. Paulsen that you can read here.
Social network & Cooperative Learning

You can read this paper here.
The authors of this articles purpose the theory that social network doesn’t always involve collaboration, dialogue or communication. Since the authors refer transparency as an important aspect of social networking, Dalsgaard and Morten (2009) discuss how social network and transparency may be used in cooperative distance education.
Supported on a socio-cultural perspective, cooperative learning is built on several ways to support flexibility of individual learning, so that learning within the community becomes easier. Dalsgaard and Morten (2009), presenting the theory of cooperative freedom, point out “the following three pillars:
1. voluntary but attractive participation,
2. means promoting individual flexibility, and
3. means promoting affinity to learning community. “
Also supported by social-cultural perspective, theory of cooperative freedom is an active process, students are interactive, being emphasized activities that are problem-orientated. Individual learning, though very flexible, doesn’t allow great interaction within the community. On the other hand, collaborative learning purposes participation in a learning group, but limits individual flexibility. Cooperative learning allows flexibility as well as working in the community, so learning in online environments combine individual freedom and the benefits of a learning communities.
Etiquetas:
cooperative learning,
mpel03,
PPEL
Transparency in learning
You can read this paper here.
Reading this paper, I thought about an important issue for me, both as a teacher and a e-student. As a teacher, I think that this theme is very interesting, because this is one of “constraints” that other colleagues pointed out when using technologies, Web 2.0 included, for young students.

I am also interested in the theme as e-student because the issue of transparency, for me, in this context, means that transparency is being aware of different interests of students, goals, ideas, thoughts, adapted to individual aims, focusing on essential issues in education distance: flexibility, autonomy and self-learning.As the authors point out, transparency allows e-students to have an insight on other students work/actions/
The authors also refer that changes that took place in recent years, with the emergence of networks and the way this affect learning and social interaction. There is a way of social interaction – social net working – , but it yet to be understood the way how this net works support learning and what kind od relationships support learning.
Reading this paper, I thought about an important issue for me, both as a teacher and a e-student. As a teacher, I think that this theme is very interesting, because this is one of “constraints” that other colleagues pointed out when using technologies, Web 2.0 included, for young students.

I am also interested in the theme as e-student because the issue of transparency, for me, in this context, means that transparency is being aware of different interests of students, goals, ideas, thoughts, adapted to individual aims, focusing on essential issues in education distance: flexibility, autonomy and self-learning.As the authors point out, transparency allows e-students to have an insight on other students work/actions/
The authors also refer that changes that took place in recent years, with the emergence of networks and the way this affect learning and social interaction. There is a way of social interaction – social net working – , but it yet to be understood the way how this net works support learning and what kind od relationships support learning.
quarta-feira, 28 de outubro de 2009
The Hexagon Of Cooperative Freedom
This post aims to present a theory known as theory of Cooperative Freedom. This theory and Pro. Paulsen can be seen here
There are several theories on distance education and in1988, Keegan defined six important elements regarding Distance education:
• The separation of teacher and learner, which distinguishes it from face-to-face learning;
• The influence of an educational organization, which distinguishes it from private study;
• The use of technical media, usually print, to unite teacher and learner and carry the educational content;
• The provision of two-way communication so that the student may benefit from or even initiate dialogue;
• The possibility of occasional meetings for both didactic and socialization purposes; and
• The participation in an industrialized form of education which, if accepted, contains the genus of radical separation of distance education from other forms.
With the introduction of CMC, same changes on the roles of both tutors and faculties took place, as well as the profund distintion on presencial educationa and distance education or the emergence of a network of scholar, never kwnown before.
There are many theories on distance education, but Keegan (1988b) points out these three theoretical positions:
Theories of autonomy and independence – Moore identifies interaction between learner and instructor, structure as certain characteristics of course design, and autonomy as learner independence as main aspects of this theory; the author points out that many times courses aren’t designed or adapted to CMC;
Theories of industrialization – Peters concludes that the structure of distance teaching is determined to a considerable degree by the principles of industrialization and is still to be known the effects of mass education with CMC;
Theories of interaction and communication – Holmeberg states that interaction between the tutors, teatchers, authors and students comes both from pre-produced material and through writing or phone. Holmberg's theory focus on correspondence courses and one-to-one comunicaton, not mass communication.
The theory of cooperative freedom can be classified as a theory of autonomy and independence, as described above.
Main points:
Aims juvenile and adult students;
Values their experience;
Sel-directed,self-motivated students;
Values student’s experiencies, goals and achievements.
"Cooperative" indicates group interaction;
freedom is concerned with freedom from restraints, flexibility.
The theory of cooperative freedom suggests that, independent of motivational orientation, distance students need cooperation as well as freedom.
Cooperative freedom might be seen as a contradictory term, but it is an expression that points out the advantages of both group interaction and cooperation with freedom for the individual.
There are several theories on distance education and in1988, Keegan defined six important elements regarding Distance education:
• The separation of teacher and learner, which distinguishes it from face-to-face learning;
• The influence of an educational organization, which distinguishes it from private study;
• The use of technical media, usually print, to unite teacher and learner and carry the educational content;
• The provision of two-way communication so that the student may benefit from or even initiate dialogue;
• The possibility of occasional meetings for both didactic and socialization purposes; and
• The participation in an industrialized form of education which, if accepted, contains the genus of radical separation of distance education from other forms.
With the introduction of CMC, same changes on the roles of both tutors and faculties took place, as well as the profund distintion on presencial educationa and distance education or the emergence of a network of scholar, never kwnown before.
There are many theories on distance education, but Keegan (1988b) points out these three theoretical positions:
Theories of autonomy and independence – Moore identifies interaction between learner and instructor, structure as certain characteristics of course design, and autonomy as learner independence as main aspects of this theory; the author points out that many times courses aren’t designed or adapted to CMC;
Theories of industrialization – Peters concludes that the structure of distance teaching is determined to a considerable degree by the principles of industrialization and is still to be known the effects of mass education with CMC;
Theories of interaction and communication – Holmeberg states that interaction between the tutors, teatchers, authors and students comes both from pre-produced material and through writing or phone. Holmberg's theory focus on correspondence courses and one-to-one comunicaton, not mass communication.
The theory of cooperative freedom can be classified as a theory of autonomy and independence, as described above.
Main points:
Aims juvenile and adult students;
Values their experience;
Sel-directed,self-motivated students;
Values student’s experiencies, goals and achievements.
"Cooperative" indicates group interaction;
freedom is concerned with freedom from restraints, flexibility.
The theory of cooperative freedom suggests that, independent of motivational orientation, distance students need cooperation as well as freedom.
Cooperative freedom might be seen as a contradictory term, but it is an expression that points out the advantages of both group interaction and cooperation with freedom for the individual.
terça-feira, 27 de outubro de 2009
Processos Pedag. eLearning

Avançamos para mais uma etapa nesta UC. Tem sido leccionada em inglês e também este aspecto constitui um desafio para mim.
Após um momento inicial dedicado à pesquisa e estudo individual, partimos agora para uma tarefa a pares com o objectivo de produzir um "objecto de aprendizagem"/learning object, relacionado com a teoria de aprendizagem centrada na noção de liberdade cooperativa. A imagem apresenta aspectos fundamentais desta teoria.
Tal como já ocorreu em unidades curriculares anteriores, irei trabalhar com um colega de curso, com quem gosto muito de trabalhar: Marco Freitas. Temos uma metodologia de trabalho similar e é um colega muito cooperativo e responsável.
Início de UC: Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem
Inicia-se hoje uma nova UC, orientada pela Coordenadora do Curso, Prof. Lina Morgado, e pela docente Angelina Macedo. Esta nova UC intitula-se Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem.
Em honra e como recordação dos nossos tempos no SL, recordo o meu Maven, um pouco abandonado ultimamente...
Em honra e como recordação dos nossos tempos no SL, recordo o meu Maven, um pouco abandonado ultimamente...
Tradução em comunidade CAeL

A qualidade no ensino aprendizagem em contexto online: uma teia de factores
A primeira actividada teve como objectivo fazer a análise de perspectivas sobre a qualidade em e-Learning, enquadrada nas questões e nos factores a ter em conta quando se avalia a qualidade do ensino nos cursos online.
As competências a desenvolver foram as seguintes:
• Clarificar conceitos correlacionados com a qualidade em e-learning;
• Fazer o levantamento do conjunto de factores que determinam a qualidade dos cursos online.
Feita a leitura e apresentação global da turma do documento "Approaches to E-learning quality Assessment" e "Reflections on Teaching and Learning Online: Quality program design, delivery and support issues from a cross-global perspective", foram identificados individualmente por cada aluno factores responsáveis pelo sucesso/qualidade dos cursos online, seguindo-se uma discussão geral na turma sobre o tema.
O grupo MPEL'03 esteve a traduzir um interessante artigo de WISENBERG, Faye & STACEY, Elizabeth (2005), intitulado "Reflections on teaching and Learning Online:Quality program design, delivery and support issues from a cross-global perspective". Distance Education Vol.26, Nº3, (385-404). Disponível em:http://casat.unr.edu/docs/Weisenberg2005.pdf
O artigo é bastante interessante e destaco, particularmente, as referências às competências do e-professor e, ainda que os meus alunos não se inscrevam no nível etário abordado no estudo, não deixei de anotar algumas ideias interessantes e exequíveis.
Esta foi a minha reflexão:
Partindo de experiências educativas distantes (Canadá, Austrália e Europa), os autores reflectem sobre a qualidade dos cursos online, contribuindo, também, para a discussão em torno da qualidade da avaliação desses cursos, a qualidade do seu desenho, estrutura e os diferentes aspectos em que se enquadram estes cursos.
Nas participações anteriores já foram destacados aspectos fundamentais dos artigos, pelo que irei enfatizar apenas alguns pontos:
- numa aprendizagem suportada pelas tecnologias, emerge uma formação centrada na criatividade e colaboração, para assim responder às necessidades da Sociedade do Conhecimento;
- a interacção, a capacidade de comunicação, envolvendo todos os participantes e envolvendo os formandos nas actividades propostas pelos formadores;
- a criatividade, o dinamismo, a inovação do design, dos conteúdos;
- no artigo de Maria Pietronilla Penna et al. são apontadas a motivação para aprender e a percepção do que é facilitador ou limitador das aprendizagens dos estudantes.
A questão da qualidade do elearning é uma questão em aberto que necessita do contributo de equipas de design, assim comodo contributo de elementos das áreas da educação e do elearning e que precisa de ser investigada e pesquisada, promovendo a eficácia e qualidade dos cursos online.

Esta reflexão também gerou um feedback dos colegas, caso por exemplo do José Carlos :
Acho que referes aqui dois pontos muito importantes, que muitas vezes não são tidos em consideração. A questão do design e da criatividade na produção de materiais de apoio, é um factor essencial para contribuir para a motivação e empenho.
Todos nós quando começamos a visualizar uma apresentação, vídeo, ... ficamos mais ou menos "agarrados" em função do seu layout. Por vezes a simplicidade na produção destes materiais, funciona melhor, do que "n" gifts animados, como era moda, à alguns anos atrás, que apenas serviam para distrair.
Esta opinião também foi subscrita por diversos alunos; desta interacção entre alunos resulta um processo construtivo do conhecimento - deixo novamente a minha mensagem:
Também acho que a simplicidade dos materiais, funciona ... e numa utilização pedagógica, sendo o nosso público alvo muito jovem, a utilização de múltiplas representações - os tais "gifts" animados, música, som, cor, movimento - dispersa mais do que beneficia as aprendizagens.
Outros colegas - caso do Paulo Simões - increveram mensagens pertinentes para sintetizar questões essenciais sobre o tema:
Assim, de entre algumas das características apresentadas nos textos, julgo que importa destacar três factores principais:
• O grau de interacção;
• A comunicação assíncrona;
• O sentimento de pertença a uma comunidade de aprendizagem.
Para além destes, existem factores que considero secundários e que podem também potenciar o sucesso:
• O grau de motivação e disponibilidade dos alunos;
• O domínio da tecnologia;
• Uma abordagem Blended-Learning.
quarta-feira, 21 de outubro de 2009
Concepção e Avaliação em eLearning

Uma outra UC a frequentar no segundo semestre deste Mestrado é da responsabilidade da docente Professora Lúcia Amante e intitula-se Concepção e Avaliação em eLearning.
Aqui fica este registo inicial.
Na unidade curricular Concepção e Avaliação em Elearning, o estudante é enquadrado na problemática da concepção de cursos de e-learning à luz dos referenciais sobre o design instrucional e da análise de modelos de avaliação da qualidade no universo da formação online. O estudante deve aprender a definir princípios e processos de avaliação da formação em cursos online, identificando indicadores relevantes para a aferição da qualidade destes nas suas várias vertentes. Pretende-se ainda, por outro lado, analisar a problemática da avaliação mas na sua perspectiva pedagógica, designadamente a avaliação das aprendizagens em contextos de formação online, seus fundamentos, suas modalidades, instrumentos e estratégias.
Processos Pedag. eLearning
O blogue criado no âmbito do Mestrado em Pedagogia do eLearning irá integrar as UC do segundo semestre. Esta UC - Processos Pedagógicos em eLearning - será da responsabilidade de um docente estrangeiro, Morten Flate Paulsen, Professor of Online Education, Director of Development, NKI Nettstudier.
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